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The EM16 VLF Receiver is the most widely used EM geophysical instrument of all time. Local tilt and ellipticity of VLF broadcasts are measured and resolved into inphase and quadrature components of VLF response. The EM16 has discovered several base and precious metal ore bodies and many water-bearing faults.
The combination of a large conductivity range, high sensitivity and very low noise and drift, allows accurate characterization of geologic conditions. Typical applications include groundwater contamination monitoring, groundwater and mineral exploration, and geotechnical investigations, to depths of 500 metres.
Ground conductivity (quad-phase) and magnetic susceptibility (in-phase) measurements are recorded directly onto an integrated Mesa 2 fi eld computer. The fi eld computer provides many features for enhanced data collection including Bluetooth communication, internal GPS receiver, real-time data graphics, and compatibility with third party applications.
The EM38-MK2 provides measurement of both the quad-phase (conductivity) and in-phase (magnetic susceptibility) components within two distinct depth ranges, all simultaneously, without any requirement for soil-to-instrument contact. With a maximum effective depth of exploration of 1.5 m, applications in agriculture, archaeology and general soil sciences are common
For the detection of subsurface cluster munitions and other explosive remnants of war, the EM61-LX2 Metal Detector, as compared with traditional analogue sensors, offers signifi cant improvements in both productivity and, more importantly, the probability of detection. Designed to meet or exceed critical standards for detection, the EM61-LX2 is able to detect a half BLU-26 submunition to a depth of 60 cm below the sensor.
The primary purpose of any time domain electromagnetic receiver is to record the transient signal generated by the decay of induced eddy currents in the subsurface. As the received voltage will span a very large amplitude range, often more than six decades from early to late times, the receiver must accurately record both high amplitude, rapidly changing voltage at early times, and very small amplitude, slowly changing signal at late times.
With the objective to reduce cost while both maintaining the core performance characteristics of the more advanced PROTEM systems and adding several new performance-enhancing features, the new G-TEM system represents exceptional value in time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) instrumentation for both academic and commercial applications alike.
Six induction coils are available, each most appropriate for certain depths and applications. For shallow resistivity soundings, the high bandwidth of the high frequency coils is needed for the rapidly changing early-time signal. Comparatively, for deeper soundings, or for measuring late-time signal from conductive ore bodies, the larger effective area of the low frequency coils amplifies the very low amplitude late-time signals to measureable levels
In conjunction with a ground-based PROTEM system, the BH43-3D provides threedimensional time domain electromagnetic data from boreholes. With a 500 x 500 m transmitter loop at surface, data can be received from boreholes to depths of 2.5 kilometres. (At developed mines, the transmitter loop can be laid out within the underground workings.)
